Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antibacterial and antivirulence activities of auranofin against Clostridium difficile

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.018

Figure Lengend Snippet: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, µg/mL) of auranofin and control drugs against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates.

Article Snippet: Auranofin, linezolid (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL), vancomycin hydrochloride (Gold Biotechnology, St. Louis, MO) metronidazole (Beantown Chemical Corporation, Hudson, NH), sodium selenite (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA), and fidaxomicin (Apexbio, Houston, TX) were procured from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering

Article Title: Re-engineering Antimicrobial Peptides into Oncolytics Targeting Drug-Resistant Ovarian Cancers

doi: 10.1007/s12195-020-00626-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemotherapeutic synergy. (a) Isobolograms of MAD1 and Doxorubicin (Dox), Paclitaxel (Ptx) or Cisplatin (Cis) combinatorial synergy in OVCAR-3 (left) and NCI/ADR-RES (right) cells. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) < 1 and < 0.5 represent additive and synergistic effects, respectively. (b) Comparison of Dox and Cis IC50 towards NCI/ADR-RES as either a monotherapy (ADR-RES, black) or in combination with 20 μM MAD1 (ADR-RES + MAD1, grey). Activity of each drug as a monotherapy in pre-resistant OVCAR-3 (OVCAR-3, white) cells shown for comparison. (c–f) Indicated ovarian cancer cell line or patient-derived ovarian carcinoma cells were cultured in ultra-low attachment conditions and treated for 48 h with 2 μM cisplatin or 4 μM MAD1 alone and in combination. Data represent volume in arbitrary units (a.u.) and median.

Article Snippet: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Fmoc-protected amino acids, N,N 0 -diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), N,N -dimethylformamide (DMF), and Paclitaxel were purchased from Chem-Impex International, Inc. RPMI-1640, M199, trypsin and EDTA solution, Antibiotic-Antimycotic Solution, ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates, and 1× phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Corning.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Comparison, Activity Assay, Derivative Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: First Penicillin-Binding Protein Occupancy Patterns of β-Lactams and β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Klebsiella pneumoniae

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00282-18

Figure Lengend Snippet: Principal component analysis of the log-transformed PBP IC50 data for our 13 tested compounds in two K. pneumoniae strains. The plot shows the clustering of compounds according to their positions on the first and second eigenvector. These two vectors explained 86.5% of the total variance. Compounds were grouped into two general clusters. The first cluster contained β-lactams that primarily targeted PBP3 but differed in their secondary targets. The second cluster was comprised of compounds that primarily targeted PBP2 or both PBPs 2 and 4. Of note, among compounds in the second cluster, the carbapenems, amoxicillin, and mecillinam had substantially lower IC50 for their primary targets than the β-lactamase inhibitors. Symbols for β-lactamase inhibitors are smaller due to their much higher IC50 for their primary PBP target relative to the primary PBP target IC50 of the β-lactams.

Article Snippet: Biapenem was purchased from TRC Canada (Toronto, Ontario, Canada); doripenem and avibactam were from MedChem Express (Monmouth Junction, NJ); imipenem and meropenem were from AK Scientific (Union City, CA); sulbactam was from TCI America (Portland, OR); tazobactam, amoxicillin, piperacillin, aztreonam, cefepime, and cefsulodin were from Chem-Impex International, Inc. (Wood Dale, IL); and mecillinam was from Molekula (Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom).

Techniques: Transformation Assay